What a child should be able to do - development of children up to a year and up to 5 years

Having a baby is the happiest family event. The first months of the baby’s life are the most important period when a long and fascinating way of growing up to a conscious little man opens before the baby. He has a lot to learn about the world around him, so young parents must create all conditions for the proper development and acquisition of vital skills.

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Differences in the development of boys and girls

From six months of age, each child can recognize a person's belonging to a certain gender. However, only from the age of two begins self-identification by gender in the course of communication with peers, by the principle of their behavior during games. The development of boys and girls differs according to some criteria.

Skills	The boys	Girls
Motility	Boys are characterized by the rapid development of large motility: running, jumping, maintaining equilibrium. Physical activity is more aggressive and impulsive.	For girls - fine motor skills: writing, drawing, modeling.
Verbal development	Speech is developing compared to girls with some delay, the vocabulary is scarce.	Reading is a strong point, the ability to pay attention to non-verbal signs - voice, intonation. Therefore, girls are good "interlocutors", with the ability to express emotions and feelings already at an early stage of development.
Ability to walk on the potty	At the age of two years, boys often write to bed.	Learn to pot faster.
First steps	The tendency to increased mobility, "adventurism", determines the ability to take the first steps faster to quickly test your strength.	For young girls, a lag in the acquisition of walking skills by 2-3 months is characteristic, unlike boys.
Speech Skills Development	The craving for competition is more pronounced than that of girls, makes you engage in verbal debate.	Girls still succeed more in the development of speech, ahead of boys by about 5 months.
Craving for new discoveries	Inquisitive boys, in order to feel psychological comfort, are constantly looking for new discoveries, are happy to explore all the unknown, previously incomprehensible.	Girls prefer a more relaxed pastime, less outdoor games. They are much more interested in arranging their “nook” with arranging toys, sorting out their favorite things.

From the moment of birth, we can talk about the lag in the development of boys from girls with a difference of 3-4 weeks. But by the beginning of adolescence, this gap is completely erased. Although young peers enter the fascinating stage of growing up earlier, nature has given the boys the opportunity to enjoy the delights of a carefree childhood for several years longer.

A set of skills and development of boys and girls up to a year for months

Child age and period	Skills	Useful tips and tricks for parents
1 month Adaptation	In the first month, the baby learns to be outside the maternal womb, therefore, spends up to 20 hours a day in a dream, the rest of the time it eats. By the end of the first month, he begins to pay attention to toys, and the first color that distinguishes is red.Also, the surrounding sounds begin to attract the baby, but newborn reflexes still persist: sucking; swimming; search (when the baby is looking for mom's breasts); first, automatic walking (the child makes movements like steps if holding him, put him on his legs). In developed children, the ability to hold the head on their own is observed.	The main goal is to create conditions for increased comfort for the baby: the correct temperature, personal contact - to hold on hands, talk, sing lullabies, play.
2 months The first "revival"	The baby begins to spend more time in a wakeful state - up to 50 minutes. Visual and auditory abilities are improved - now he can discern objects located at a distance of 0.5 m, distinguish between the voices of parents. Also holds the head in an upright position, flips in the crib on its side. Infant reflexes fade away. The emotional background is expanding.	To help the child develop emotionally, you need to make your baby laugh as often as possible - this is how the first smile will appear. Talk with him, then he will begin to respond to words that are still incomprehensible with the first sounds: “aha”, “abu”, “aha”, “gugu”.
3 months Continuation of the revival	Mental, physical, and emotional skills are noticeably developing. Head holding. The ability to lift on the forearm to look around. Grabbing items, pinching them in a cam. The desire to "drag" everything into the mouth, since at this stage of development, the mucous membrane of the oral cavity is much more sensitive than the fingers. A smile turns into a laugh. Imitation of facial expressions. Pronouncing the first syllables.	The child makes his first attempts to independently roll over and raise himself on the handles, so you should not leave him alone on the bed in order to avoid falling with injury.
4 months Active revitalization	Confidence in holding the head with active turning to the sides. "Stand" on the elbows from the abdomen with straightened arms. Moving through the space of the room with “rifts”, attempts to crawl on their own. Conscious manipulation of objects. Separation of toys into favorite and less interesting ones, curiosity to reflection, excellent reaction to knocks, ringing, voices, music. The syllables “ba”, “ma”, “pa” are added to the sounds of “booming” and “buzzing”.	For this period of development, the child is characterized by a feeling of fear of losing his mother. It is at 4 months that you should pay as much attention and love as possible to the baby.
5 months Physical activity	Confident coups through different sides. The ability to rely on the palms. “Preparing for a seat” - taking a pose with support on one of the handles from a reclining position. Ability to rely on legs with the support of parents. Performing grips of the feet, which the baby strives to put in his mouth. Active development of social skills is the difference between "friends and foes". Interest in illustrated books.	Parents should tell the baby as many poems as possible, describe in detail the plot of the pictures, contributing to the development of speech skills. You can start learning the first words: “mom”, “dad”, “woman”.
6 months Exploring the world	Active crawling in a plastusky way. Alone, reclining sits for a short time. Makes attempts to stay focused on her knees, using swaying movements. Accustoming to a spoon, taking food from a cup. The development of intelligence is expressed through awareness of the consequences of their actions. Publishes the first new consonants - "z", "s", "f".	Since the child begins to crawl, you need to remove all unsafe objects from the reach.
Seven months Own body control	Moves on all fours. Holds a straight back, makes the first attempts to stand up independently. He understands the question “where?”, Knows how to show on the subject. Use of a non-spill cup instead of a nipple. Imitation of animal sounds.	The active development of fine motor skills requires careful monitoring of what is in the baby’s hands, since small parts can easily get into the mouth, nose, and ears. To stimulate cognitive interest, it is necessary to describe surrounding things in detail, to correctly name body parts.
8 months Perseverance	Adopting a confident stance, the ability to crawl to any support. Independent movement around the apartment on all fours, the ability to sit out of this pose. A meaningful game with objects, folding toys in a box, the ability to "put" things into each other or to "string" rings on the base. The desire to hold a spoon on your own. Singing along to children's songs, performing dancing movements to music. Understanding simple requests - “bring”, “serve”, “show”.	Already at this age, children can pronounce the first meaningful word, so you need how you can talk more often with them, reinforcing the process with simple entertaining games - “cuckoo” or “goodies”.
9 months Agility and increased activity	Confident movement around the apartment with the help of a support. Ability to get up from any position. Manifestation - discontent, moodiness, resistance during bathing. Interest in creativity - modeling, drawing. Replenishment of vocabulary, understanding of adult directions - “put”, “eat”, “give”, “not allowed”. Interest in peer games.	Independent attempts of a child to climb into a chair or sofa should be made under the strict supervision of parents. When giving play with plasticine, you must ensure that he does not pull it into his mouth.
10 months Agility and increased activity	Imitation of adult behavior, copying facial expressions. Mimicking the sounds of the animal world, remembering the names of animals. Acquiring the skill of generalizing concepts. Attempts to dress, undress on their own.	Independence in all manifestations must be encouraged - children of this age adore praise, which serves as further motivation for learning new things.
11 months First politeness	The first polite words, gestures. Increased emotionality - sudden changes in mood from laughter to crying.	To consolidate positive habits in terms of polite communication, it is important to ask the child to say “hello”, “bye”, “thank you” to form a habit.
12 months From infancy to childhood	Awareness of where and what is in the house. Step over obstacles. Chewing. Reading mood with others. Active babble in single words.	If earlier parents already tried to accustom the child to the potty, at the age of 12 months the baby can already begin to ask himself to "get out" of the diapers.

What should be able to children under 5 years of age

At the age from 0 to 5 years, the child lives the most important stages of development, when the formation of personal qualities, important skills takes place. In order for him to receive the correct primary education and to be able to behave politely, it is important to constantly engage with him - to play, develop physical culture, speech, fine motor skills, emotional sphere, logical thinking.

Age group	Skills
1-2 years	Logical thinking	Play with cubes, fold towers, show research interest by analyzing objects.
	Speech skills	Speak simple words, know the names of all family members.
	Social development	To be able to correctly name parts of the body, face.
	Household and household skills	To go to the toilet on the potty, get up and walk on your own, drink from a cup, understand and respond to instructions from parents, imitate other people's behavior.
	Educational Aids	Puzzles, Alphabet, Alphabet, cards, coloring, stencils, cubes.
2-3 years	Logical thinking	The first acquaintance with arithmetic, perform 2-3 sequential actions, show a craving for drawing, designing.
	Speech skills	Pronounce phrases of 4-5 words, be aware of the instructions of adults, know the simplest children's songs, poems.
	Social development	Distinguish between vehicles.
	Household and household skills	Descend and climb stairs independently, dress, undress, use a pot, move backwards, keep balance on the crossbar, be able to handle scissors, and be trained in hand hygiene.
	Educational Aids	Cards with numbers and geometric shapes, association games, collections of poems, nursery rhymes, tongue twisters, drawing cards: animals, fruits, vegetables, vehicles, applications.
3-4 years	Logical thinking	To be able to count to three, show numbers on fingers, operate with the concepts of "many-few", "high-low", etc., distinguish: circle, square, triangle, have the ability to compare objects in shape, color, size, make pairs of things by characteristic, find similarities and differences in objects, exclude unnecessary things, remember a chain of pictures and words, be able to work on a task in a focused manner.
	Speech skills	Perceive and describe images, formulate sentences of 5-6 words, distinguish features of objects, be able to form groups of them.
	Social development	Distinguish between pets, birds, fish, insects, trees, flowers, berries. Have a basic understanding of the materials from which the items are made. Distinguish between time of day, natural phenomena.
	Household and household skills	Dress yourself, undress, use stationery for creativity, draw primitive images in the form of dots, lines, circles, paint figures, know the rules of hygiene.
	Educational Aids	Account cards, video tutorials on the account, double puzzles, math workbooks, dice games, copybooks, music games, the first encyclopedias about animals and insects, books about the seasons, a set of children's dishes, plasticine, “Build it yourself ".
4-5 years old	Logical thinking	Distinguish between sides and directions, expand knowledge about geometric shapes, correlate objects with numbers when calculating, be able to write numbers, be able to stack objects according to the design principle, formulate answers to questions: “Why?”, “Is it possible?”, “For what?” , select the opposite in meaning words.
	Speech skills	Build sentences of 5-8 words, a total vocabulary of at least 1000 words, distinguish parts of the bodies of people and animals, be able to name an object by signs, understand the meaning of prepositions, maintain a dialogue, know the first information about yourself: name, age, place of residence, use past tense in speech.
	Social development	To distinguish between fruits and vegetables, to know when they ripen, where to grow, to know about the methods of movement of insects, to be able to correctly name cubs of animals, to know the main signs of each season.
	Household and household skills	Be able to tie shoelaces, fasten buttons and zippers, draw on-the-go pencils, colorize images, observing the borders of the picture. At this age, you can first introduce a child to a foreign language alphabet.
	Educational Aids	Coloring with connecting dots, copybooks with numbers, triple puzzles, math workbooks, puzzles, children's developmental magazines, reading aids, reading books, didactic games with color letters and pictures, the encyclopedia "The World around", the game "Tic Tac Toe", books for children on anatomy, cards with a foreign language alphabet.

Video tips

Early development - School of Dr. Komarovsky

What Dr. Komarovsky says about child development

A world-famous children's doctor, a specialist in the study of health issues and the formation of family relationships, is Dr. Komarovsky. A lot of parents listen to his opinion, he writes books, speaks on television, and even leads his YouTube channel. Studying the process of growth and development of the child, Evgeny Olegovich put forward several main points.

The manner of behavior is closely related to well-being - there is no causeless child crying or screaming. However, the habit of solving problems associated with any discomfort can turn into a addiction.
Comfortable conditions created for the child during the period of 2-3 months of his life will affect the further development of his ability to adapt to the environment on his own.
Parental attention is a much more powerful factor in shaping health than trips to pediatricians.
In order for a child to be truly happy, inquisitive, active, his education should be carried out using developmental books and games, because didactic children's materials were compiled for the purpose of hobbies, “tearing” out of everyday life.
The issue of re-education, retraining is an almost impossible task. Begin to form positive qualities and behavior that is correct from the very beginning of the baby’s understanding of what is happening around. And the use of extreme measures in the educational process - strict punishments - is better to completely eliminate. Interestingly, it is much better for fathers to engage in raising a child than for mothers.

Standards and deadlines - School of Dr. Komarovsky

Should I worry if there are deviations from the norm?

The discovery of the surrounding world, so bright and versatile, for the baby is a source of enthusiastic, amazing impressions. Many parents blame themselves if they notice that the child is somewhat behind in development from their peers. However, it has long been proven that such circumstances in rare cases arise due to the influence of hereditary factors or errors in child care.

The complex process of the formation of children's skills and abilities is individual for each growing person. Even with average age-specific development standards for a certain stage of growing up, the formation of completely healthy children may not correspond to these “calendar calculations”.

The development of social skills and emotional background

Skills of social communication, expression of feelings and emotions largely depend on the child’s temperament - calm or active, but living conditions are a stronger factor in their formation. Bad qualities, bad habits or addictions are not inherited. An unfavorable situation can be corrected by a pediatrician, who will be able to identify and fix the problem in time. The intervention of a specialist is especially necessary in cases of impaired motor and neuropsychological development.

From what age do children write in sections and circles

Indispensable help in developing the child’s abilities or talents can be provided by the parents themselves by enrolling in a creative club or in a sports section. Childhood is a suitable period of life for finding new hobbies when energy pours over the edge.

Preschoolers are characterized by the manifestation of creative ideas, they are not shy about reciting poems of their own composition, singing songs, dancing carefree. They still do not know the framework that would restrict their impulses, so do not blame the child’s desire to realize themselves creatively. It is important to encourage any undertakings, even if the first drawings will be “kalyak-malyaki”, and additional classes at home, conducted, of course, at will, will only spur interest in certain activities.

The ideal age for going to the training sections is 5-6 years. During these years, children begin to realize the difference between “real” learning and spontaneity.

In many sports clubs children are willingly taken even at the age of 2-3 years, and there is no need to wait a while with the decision to send the child to professional sports, this will positively affect his general physical development.

Up to 5 years, visiting the pool is an entertaining event, and at 7-8 you can already think about “preparing for the Olympics”.

Children are able to successfully master foreign languages from the age when they are just beginning to learn to speak. A receptive attitude to everything new extends to any speech.

Video plot

At what age should a child be recorded in sections?

Development in children occurs in an individual way, with its own pace, achievements, mistakes. There is no guarantee that any delays in the formation of skills in the baby, unlike successful peers, are abnormalities. However, the advice of an experienced pediatrician or neurologist will never hurt. Doctors will be able to identify and fix possible problems on time.